Consider the following reagents: zinc, copper, mercury (density 13.6 g/mL), silver nitrate solution, nitric acid solution. (a) Given a 500-mL Erlenmeyer flask and a balloon, can you combine two or more of the foregoing reagents to initiate a chemical reaction that will inflate the balloon? Write a balanced chemical equation to represent this process. What is the identity of the substance that inflates the balloon?

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the reagents that can react to produce a gas. Consider the metals (zinc, copper, mercury) and the solutions (silver nitrate, nitric acid).

Recall that metals like zinc can react with acids such as nitric acid to produce hydrogen gas or other gases, depending on the reaction conditions.

Consider the reaction of zinc with nitric acid. This reaction typically produces nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) gas, which can inflate a balloon.

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and nitric acid: \[ \text{Zn} + 4\text{HNO}_3 \rightarrow \text{Zn(NO}_3\text{)}_2 + 2\text{NO}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \]

Identify the gas produced in the reaction. In this case, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is the gas that inflates the balloon.

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주요 개념

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Chemical Reactions

A chemical reaction involves the transformation of reactants into products through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. In this context, combining zinc with an acid, such as nitric acid, can produce hydrogen gas, which is a product that can inflate a balloon. Understanding the types of reactions, such as single displacement or acid-base reactions, is crucial for predicting the outcome of mixing these reagents.

Gas Production in Reactions

Many chemical reactions produce gases as products, which can lead to inflation of balloons. For instance, when zinc reacts with nitric acid, hydrogen gas is generated. Recognizing the conditions under which gases are produced and their properties, such as volume and pressure, is essential for understanding how they can fill a balloon.

Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing chemical equations is a fundamental skill in chemistry that ensures the law of conservation of mass is upheld, meaning the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. In this scenario, writing a balanced equation for the reaction between zinc and nitric acid will help clarify the stoichiometry of the reaction and the quantities of reactants and products involved.