A metal oxide has a lattice energy in the range of 3300 kJ/mol. Is the charge on the metal ion M likely to be 1+, 2+, or 3+? Explain.

Name: Chemistry: The Central Science
Author: Brown
ISBN: 9780134414232

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Understand the concept of lattice energy. Lattice energy is the energy required to separate one mole of an ionic solid into its gaseous ions. It is influenced by the charges on the ions and the distance between them.

Step 2: Recall the relationship between lattice energy and ionic charge. Lattice energy increases with the magnitude of the charge on the ions. Higher charges result in stronger electrostatic attractions, leading to higher lattice energies.

Step 3: Consider the typical lattice energy values for different charges. Generally, compounds with 1+ and 1- charges have lower lattice energies, while those with 2+ and 2- charges have higher lattice energies. Compounds with 3+ and 3- charges have even higher lattice energies.

Step 4: Compare the given lattice energy with typical values. A lattice energy of 3300 kJ/mol is relatively high, suggesting that the metal ion likely has a higher charge, such as 2+ or 3+.

Step 5: Conclude based on the comparison. Given the high lattice energy, it is more likely that the metal ion M has a charge of 2+ or 3+, as these charges correspond to stronger ionic interactions and higher lattice energies.

주요 개념

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Lattice Energy

Lattice energy is the amount of energy released when gaseous ions combine to form an ionic solid. It is a measure of the strength of the forces between the ions in an ionic compound. Higher lattice energy indicates stronger ionic bonds, which typically results from higher charges on the ions and smaller ionic radii.

Ionic Charge

The charge on an ion is determined by the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom. In metals, a higher positive charge (e.g., 2+ or 3+) usually corresponds to the loss of more electrons. The charge affects the lattice energy; ions with higher charges lead to stronger electrostatic attractions, resulting in higher lattice energies.

Trends in Lattice Energy

Lattice energy trends can be predicted based on the charges and sizes of the ions involved. Generally, as the charge on the ions increases, the lattice energy increases due to stronger attractions. Conversely, larger ionic radii decrease lattice energy because the distance between the ions increases, weakening the electrostatic forces.