Large amounts of nitrogen gas are used in the manufacture of ammonia, principally for use in fertilizers. Suppose 120.00 kg of N₂(g) is stored in a 1100.0-L metal cylinder at 280 °C. (b) By using the data in Table 10.3, calculate the pressure of the gas according to the van der Waals equation.

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the van der Waals equation: \( \left( P + \frac{an^2}{V^2} \right) (V - nb) = nRT \), where \( a \) and \( b \) are van der Waals constants for nitrogen.

Convert the mass of nitrogen gas to moles using its molar mass: \( n = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}} \).

Convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin: \( T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15 \).

Substitute the values for \( n \), \( V \), \( T \), and the van der Waals constants \( a \) and \( b \) for nitrogen into the van der Waals equation.

Solve the van der Waals equation for pressure \( P \).

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주요 개념

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Van der Waals Equation

The Van der Waals equation is an adjustment of the ideal gas law that accounts for the volume occupied by gas molecules and the attractive forces between them. It is expressed as (P + a(n/V)²)(V - nb) = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and a and b are constants specific to each gas. This equation is particularly useful for real gases under high pressure and low temperature conditions.

Ideal Gas Law

The Ideal Gas Law is a fundamental equation in chemistry that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas. It is expressed as PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin. While it provides a good approximation for many gases, it does not account for intermolecular forces or the volume of gas particles, which is where the Van der Waals equation becomes relevant.

Gas Properties and Conditions

Understanding the properties of gases, including pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles, is crucial for solving gas-related problems. Pressure is the force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the walls of their container, while volume is the space the gas occupies. Temperature affects the kinetic energy of gas molecules, influencing their behavior. These properties are interrelated and can be manipulated using equations like the Ideal Gas Law and Van der Waals equation to predict gas behavior under various conditions.

Large amounts of nitrogen gas are used in the manufacture of ammonia, principally for use in fertilizers. Suppose 120.00 kg of N2(g) is stored in a 1100.0-L metal cylinder at 280 °C. (b) By using the data in Table 10.3, calculate the pressure of the gas according to the van der Waals equation.