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Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 15th Edition
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Brown 15th EditionCh.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria문제 109
16장, 문제 109

Arrange the following 0.10 M solutions in order of increasing acidity: (i) NH4NO3, (ii) NaNO3, (iii) CH3COONH4, (iv) NaF, (v) CH3COONa.

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Identify the nature of each compound in the solution: Determine if each compound is an acid, base, or neutral salt. For example, NH4NO3 is composed of NH4+ (which can act as an acid) and NO3- (which is neutral).
Consider the hydrolysis of ions: Evaluate if the ions in each compound can undergo hydrolysis in water, affecting the acidity or basicity of the solution. NH4+ can hydrolyze to form H+ ions, increasing acidity.
Assess the strength of acids and bases: Compare the relative strengths of any acidic or basic ions formed. For instance, CH3COONH4 contains CH3COO- (a weak base) and NH4+ (a weak acid), which can affect the overall acidity.
Rank the solutions based on their potential to produce H+ ions: Solutions that produce more H+ ions will be more acidic. Consider the dissociation and hydrolysis reactions to determine this.
Arrange the solutions in order of increasing acidity: Based on the analysis, order the solutions from least acidic to most acidic, considering the effects of ion hydrolysis and the strength of acids and bases involved.

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Acid-Base Theory

Acid-base theory explains the behavior of acids and bases in solution. According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, acids are proton donors while bases are proton acceptors. Understanding this concept is crucial for determining the acidity of solutions, as it helps identify which compounds can donate protons in aqueous environments.
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가이드 코스
02:08
Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory

Salt Hydrolysis

Salt hydrolysis occurs when an ionic compound dissolves in water and its constituent ions interact with water molecules. This process can lead to the formation of acidic or basic solutions depending on the nature of the ions. For example, the ammonium ion (NH4+) can donate protons, making solutions more acidic, while the fluoride ion (F-) can accept protons, making solutions more basic.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
00:50
Ionic Salts

pH and Acidity

pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, which directly relates to its acidity. A lower pH indicates a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, signifying greater acidity. Understanding how to calculate and interpret pH values is essential for comparing the acidity of different solutions, as it allows for a quantitative assessment of their acidic strength.
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가이드 코스
02:39
pH of Strong Acids and Bases
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교과서 질문

Butyric acid is responsible for the foul smell of rancid butter. The pKa of butyric acid is 4.84. (c) Calculate the pH of a 0.050 M solution of sodium butyrate.

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교과서 질문

Butyric acid is responsible for the foul smell of rancid butter. The pKa of butyric acid is 4.84. (a) Calculate the pKb for the butyrate ion.

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교과서 질문

The following observations are made about a diprotic acid H2A: (i) A 0.10 M solution of H2A has pH = 3.30. (ii) A 0.10 M solution of the salt NaHA is acidic. Which of the following could be the value of pKa2 for H2A: (i) 3.22, (ii) 5.30, (iii) 7.47, or (iv) 9.82?

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교과서 질문

The amino acid glycine (H2N–CH2–COOH) can participate in the following equilibria in water:

H2N–CH2–COOH + H2O ⇌ H2N–CH2–COO– + H3O+ Ka = 4.3 × 10-3

H2N–CH2–COOH + H2O⇌ +H3N–CH2–COOH + OH- Kb = 6.0 × 10-5

(a) Use the values of Ka and Kb to estimate the equilibrium constant for the intramolecular proton transfer to form a zwitterion: H2N–CH2–COOH ⇌ +H3N–CH2–COO–

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