If 23.9 mL of the strontium hydroxide solution was needed to neutralize a 37.5 mL aliquot of the nitric acid solution, what is the concentration (molarity) of the acid?

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Identify the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: \( \text{Sr(OH)}_2 + 2\text{HNO}_3 \rightarrow \text{Sr(NO}_3)_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \).

Determine the moles of \( \text{Sr(OH)}_2 \) used: Use the volume (23.9 mL) and molarity of the \( \text{Sr(OH)}_2 \) solution (if given) to calculate moles using \( \text{moles} = \text{molarity} \times \text{volume in liters} \).

Use the stoichiometry from the balanced equation to find the moles of \( \text{HNO}_3 \): Since 1 mole of \( \text{Sr(OH)}_2 \) reacts with 2 moles of \( \text{HNO}_3 \), multiply the moles of \( \text{Sr(OH)}_2 \) by 2.

Calculate the molarity of the \( \text{HNO}_3 \) solution: Use the moles of \( \text{HNO}_3 \) and the volume of the \( \text{HNO}_3 \) solution (37.5 mL converted to liters) to find molarity using \( \text{molarity} = \frac{\text{moles}}{\text{volume in liters}} \).

Review the calculations to ensure all units are consistent and the stoichiometry is correctly applied.

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주요 개념

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Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In this case, strontium hydroxide (a base) neutralizes nitric acid (an acid). The reaction can be represented as: Sr(OH)2 + 2HNO3 → Sr(NO3)2 + 2H2O, illustrating the stoichiometric relationship between the reactants.

Molarity

Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is crucial for calculating the concentration of the nitric acid in this problem. The formula for molarity is M = moles of solute / volume of solution in liters, which allows for the determination of the acid's concentration after the neutralization reaction.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced equations. In this scenario, the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced neutralization reaction are used to relate the volumes and concentrations of the acid and base, enabling the calculation of the molarity of the nitric acid solution.