Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements

Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 15th Edition

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Brown 15th Edition

Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements

문제 9

7장, 문제 9

Group 1A and 2A elements are sometimes called, collectively, “the s-block.” Therefore, what is an analogous name for the entire collection of the group 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, and 8A elements?

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the electron configuration of the elements in groups 3A to 8A.

Recognize that these elements have their outermost electrons in the p orbital.

Understand that the p orbital can hold a maximum of 6 electrons, which corresponds to the 6 groups from 3A to 8A.

Note that these elements are collectively referred to as the 'p-block' elements.

Conclude that the analogous name for the entire collection of group 3A to 8A elements is the 'p-block.'

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주요 개념

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Periodic Table Groups

The periodic table is organized into columns called groups, which contain elements with similar chemical properties. Groups 1A and 2A, known as the s-block, include alkali and alkaline earth metals. Understanding the arrangement of elements in groups helps in identifying trends in reactivity, electronegativity, and ionization energy.

p-block Elements

The p-block elements encompass groups 3A to 8A in the periodic table. These elements include a diverse range of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals, characterized by their valence electrons occupying p orbitals. The p-block is crucial for understanding the behavior of many important elements, including carbon, nitrogen, and halogens.

Block Designation in the Periodic Table

The periodic table is divided into blocks based on the electron configuration of the elements. The s-block includes groups 1A and 2A, while the p-block includes groups 3A to 8A. Recognizing these blocks aids in predicting chemical properties and reactivity patterns, as elements within the same block often exhibit similar behaviors.

관련 실천

교과서 질문

Among elements 1–18, which element or elements have the smallest effective nuclear charge if we use Equation 7.1 to calculate 𝑍eff? Which element or elements have the largest effective nuclear charge?

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교과서 질문

The prefix eka- comes from the Sanskrit word for 'one.' Mendeleev used this prefix to indicate that the unknown element was one place away from the known element that followed the prefix. For example, eka-silicon, which we now call germanium, is one element below silicon. Mendeleev also predicted the existence of eka-manganese, which was not experimentally confirmed until 1937 because this element is radioactive and does not occur in nature. Based on the periodic table shown in Figure 7.1, what do we now call the element Mendeleev called eka-manganese?

In the following reaction

which sphere represents a metal and which represents a nonmetal?

The graph below shows the ionization energies for a particular element. In which group is the element most likely a member of? [Section 7.3]

교과서 질문

Consider the Mg²⁺, Cl^-, K⁺, and Se^2- ions. The four spheres below represent these four ions, scaled according to ionic size. (b) In terms of size, between which of the spheres would you find the (i) Ca²⁺ and (ii) S^2- ions?

1018

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