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Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서McMurry 8th EditionCh.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials문제 5
12장, 문제 5

Niobium oxide crystallizes in the following cubic unit cell: 3D representation of a face-centered cubic unit cell showing Fe and O atoms.
What is the formula of niobium oxide, and what is the oxidation state of niobium? (LO 12.5) (a) NbO, Nb = +2 (b) Nb2O, Nb = +2 (c) NbO2, Nb = +4 (d) Nb2O3, Nb = +3

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1
Identify the type of cubic unit cell and the positions of the atoms within the unit cell. In this case, it is a face-centered cubic (FCC) unit cell.
Count the number of niobium (Nb) atoms in the unit cell. Each corner atom is shared by 8 unit cells, and each face-centered atom is shared by 2 unit cells.
Count the number of oxygen (O) atoms in the unit cell. Each face-centered atom is shared by 2 unit cells.
Determine the ratio of niobium to oxygen atoms in the unit cell to find the empirical formula of the compound.
Use the empirical formula to determine the oxidation state of niobium by balancing the charges of niobium and oxygen atoms.

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주요 개념

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Cubic Unit Cell Structure

A cubic unit cell is the smallest repeating unit in a crystal lattice that defines the structure of the material. In this case, the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure indicates that atoms are located at each corner and the centers of all the cube faces. Understanding this arrangement is crucial for determining the stoichiometry and coordination of the atoms in niobium oxide.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
01:27
Simple Cubic Unit Cell

Oxidation States

The oxidation state of an element in a compound indicates the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of that element. For niobium oxide, determining the oxidation state of niobium involves balancing the total charge contributed by niobium and oxygen, which typically has an oxidation state of -2. This concept is essential for deducing the correct formula of the compound.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
02:42
Oxidation Numbers

Stoichiometry in Ionic Compounds

Stoichiometry refers to the ratio of elements in a compound based on their oxidation states. In ionic compounds like niobium oxide, the total positive charge from niobium must balance the total negative charge from oxygen. This principle helps in deriving the correct empirical formula, which is critical for answering the question regarding the formula of niobium oxide and the oxidation state of niobium.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
02:11
Ionic Compounds Naming
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교과서 질문
The following diagrams represent the electron population of the composite s–d band for three metals—Ag, Mo, and Y:

Which diagram corresponds to which metal? (LO 12.7) (a) Ag = 3, Mo = 1, Y = 2 (b) Ag = 2, Mo = 1, Y = 3 (c) Ag = 2, Mo = 3, Y = 1 (d) Ag = 1, Mo = 2, Y = 3
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교과서 질문
Examine diagrams for the electron population of the composite s–d band for three metals in question 6. Which metal has the highest melting point? (LO 12.7) (a) Metal 1 (b) Metal 2 (c) Metal 3

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교과서 질문
Diffraction of X rays with l = 131.5 pm occurred at an angle of 25.5 degrees by a crystal of aluminum. Assuming first-order diffraction, what is the interplanar spacing in aluminum? (LO 12.2) (a) 76.4 pm (b) 183.1 pm (c) 305.5 pm (d) 152.7 pm
283
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교과서 질문
The following diagrams represent the electron population of molecular orbitals for different substances. What diagram corresponds to magnesium oxide, germanium, and tin? (LO 12.8)

(a) Diagram 1 = tin, diagram 2 = magnesium oxide, diagram 3 = germanium (b) Diagram 1 = germanium, diagram 2 = magnesium oxide, diagram 3 = tin (c) Diagram 1 = germanium, diagram 2 = tin, diagram 3 = magnesium oxide (d) Diagram 1 = magnesium oxide, diagram 2 = tin, diagram 3 = germanium
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