A solution prepared by dissolving 5.00 g of aspirin, C9H8O4, in 215 g of chloroform has a normal boiling point that is elevated by ΔT = 0.47 °C over that of pure chloro- form. What is the value of the molal boiling-point-elevation constant for chloroform?

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Identify the formula for boiling point elevation: \( \Delta T = i \cdot K_b \cdot m \), where \( \Delta T \) is the boiling point elevation, \( i \) is the van't Hoff factor, \( K_b \) is the molal boiling-point-elevation constant, and \( m \) is the molality of the solution.

Since aspirin (\( \text{C}_9\text{H}_8\text{O}_4 \)) is a non-electrolyte, the van't Hoff factor \( i = 1 \).

Calculate the molality \( m \) of the solution using the formula \( m = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{kilograms of solvent}} \). First, find the moles of aspirin by dividing the mass of aspirin by its molar mass.

Convert the mass of chloroform to kilograms to use in the molality calculation.

Rearrange the boiling point elevation formula to solve for \( K_b \): \( K_b = \frac{\Delta T}{i \cdot m} \), and substitute the known values to find \( K_b \).

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Boiling Point Elevation

Boiling point elevation is a colligative property that describes how the boiling point of a solvent increases when a solute is dissolved in it. This phenomenon occurs because the presence of solute particles disrupts the solvent's ability to evaporate, requiring a higher temperature to reach the boiling point. The relationship is quantified by the formula ΔT = K_b * m, where ΔT is the change in boiling point, K_b is the molal boiling-point elevation constant, and m is the molality of the solution.

Molality

Molality (m) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. It is expressed as moles of solute divided by the mass of solvent in kilograms. Unlike molarity, which is affected by temperature changes due to volume expansion, molality remains constant as it is based on mass, making it particularly useful in calculations involving colligative properties like boiling point elevation.

Normal Boiling Point

The normal boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure (1 atm). For chloroform, this is the boiling point at which it transitions from liquid to gas under standard atmospheric conditions. When a solute is added, the boiling point of the solution increases above this normal boiling point, which is essential for calculating the molal boiling-point elevation constant.