Which is the strongest acid? (LO 16.4) (a) HClO3 (b) HBrO3 (c) H2SO3 (d) H2TeO3

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the central atom in each acid and note its position in the periodic table. Elements further to the right and down the periodic table generally increase the acidity.

Consider the oxidation state of the central atom. Higher oxidation states typically increase the acid strength due to greater electronegativity pulling electron density away from the O-H bond, making it easier to lose H+.

Compare the electronegativity of the central atoms. Acids with central atoms having higher electronegativity are generally stronger acids.

Examine the number of oxygen atoms bonded to the central atom. More oxygen atoms generally increase the acid strength due to the inductive effect, which stabilizes the negative charge on the conjugate base after losing H+.

Apply the above considerations to each option: (a) HClO3, (b) HBrO3, (c) H2SO3, and (d) H2TeO3, and determine which has the strongest acidic characteristics based on the central atom's properties and the molecule's structure.

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주요 개념

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Acid Strength

Acid strength refers to the ability of an acid to donate protons (H+) in a solution. Strong acids completely dissociate in water, releasing all their protons, while weak acids only partially dissociate. The strength of an acid is often determined by its dissociation constant (Ka), with larger values indicating stronger acids.

Oxidation State

The oxidation state of an element in a compound indicates the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of that element. In oxyacids, the oxidation state of the central atom can influence acid strength; higher oxidation states typically lead to stronger acids due to increased positive charge, which stabilizes the negative charge of the conjugate base after proton donation.

Comparative Acid Strength of Oxyacids

When comparing oxyacids, the number of oxygen atoms bonded to the central atom plays a crucial role in determining acid strength. More oxygen atoms generally lead to greater acid strength because they help stabilize the negative charge on the conjugate base through resonance. Thus, among oxyacids, those with more oxygen atoms or higher oxidation states are typically stronger.