Balance the following half-reactions. (c) (acidic) NO₃^-(aq) → NO₂(aq)

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the elements that need balancing in the half-reaction: NO_3^- \(\rightarrow\) NO_2.

Balance the nitrogen atoms. In this case, there is one nitrogen atom on each side, so they are already balanced.

Balance the oxygen atoms by adding H_2O molecules. There are 3 oxygen atoms in NO_3^- and 2 in NO_2, so add 1 H_2O to the right side.

Balance the hydrogen atoms by adding H^+ ions. Since you added 1 H_2O, add 2 H^+ to the left side to balance the 2 hydrogen atoms.

Balance the charge by adding electrons. The left side has a charge of -1 (from NO_3^-) and the right side has a charge of +1 (from 2 H^+), so add 2 electrons to the left side to balance the charges.

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주요 개념

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Half-Reaction Method

The half-reaction method is a technique used to balance redox reactions by separating the oxidation and reduction processes. Each half-reaction is balanced for mass and charge, allowing for a clearer understanding of electron transfer. This method is particularly useful in acidic or basic solutions, where additional steps may be required to account for protons (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).

Oxidation States

Oxidation states (or numbers) are a way to keep track of electrons in chemical reactions, particularly in redox processes. They indicate the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound, helping to identify which species are oxidized and reduced. Understanding oxidation states is crucial for balancing half-reactions, as it allows for the determination of electron transfer during the reaction.

Acidic Medium

An acidic medium refers to a solution where the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) is higher than that of hydroxide ions (OH-). In balancing half-reactions in acidic conditions, H+ ions and water (H2O) are often added to balance the equation. Recognizing the environment of the reaction is essential, as it influences the species involved and the balancing process.

Balance the following half-reactions. (c) (acidic) NO3-(aq) → NO2(aq)