Balance the following half-reactions. (c) (basic) Br³⁺(aq) → BiO₃^-(aq)

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the elements undergoing oxidation or reduction. Here, Bi is changing from Bi^{3+} to BiO_3^{-}.

Balance the Bi atoms on both sides of the equation. Since there is one Bi atom on each side, they are already balanced.

Balance the oxygen atoms by adding H_2O molecules. Add 3 H_2O to the right side to balance the 3 O atoms in BiO_3^{-}.

Balance the hydrogen atoms by adding OH^- ions. Add 6 OH^- to the left side to balance the 6 H atoms from the 3 H_2O added to the right side.

Balance the charge by adding electrons. The left side has a charge of 3+ and the right side has a charge of 5-, so add 8 electrons to the left side to balance the charges.

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주요 개념

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Half-Reaction Method

The half-reaction method involves separating a redox reaction into its oxidation and reduction components. Each half-reaction is balanced for mass and charge, allowing for a clearer understanding of electron transfer. This method is particularly useful in complex reactions, such as those occurring in acidic or basic solutions.

Balancing in Basic Solutions

When balancing redox reactions in basic solutions, hydroxide ions (OH⁻) are added to neutralize any hydrogen ions (H⁺) that appear during the balancing process. This ensures that the final balanced equation accurately reflects the conditions of the reaction environment, which is crucial for obtaining the correct stoichiometry.

Oxidation States

Oxidation states are a way to keep track of electron transfer in redox reactions. Each element in a compound is assigned an oxidation state based on its electron configuration and bonding. Understanding oxidation states helps identify which species are oxidized and reduced, guiding the balancing of half-reactions.

Balance the following half-reactions. (c) (basic) Br3+(aq) → BiO3-(aq)