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Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서McMurry 8th EditionCh.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry문제 21.118a
21장, 문제 21.118a

Draw a crystal field energy-level diagram, and predict the number of unpaired electrons for each of the following: 
(a) [Mn(H2O)6]2+

검증된 단계별 안내
1
Identify the metal ion and its oxidation state. For [Mn(H2O)_6]^{2+}, manganese (Mn) is in the +2 oxidation state.
Determine the electron configuration of the Mn^{2+} ion. Manganese in its elemental form is [Ar] 3d^5 4s^2, so Mn^{2+} is [Ar] 3d^5.
Recognize that [Mn(H2O)_6]^{2+} is an octahedral complex, which means the 3d orbitals will split into two sets: t_{2g} (lower energy) and e_g (higher energy).
Distribute the 5 d-electrons of Mn^{2+} among the split d-orbitals according to Hund's rule, filling the lower energy t_{2g} orbitals first before pairing electrons in the higher energy e_g orbitals.
Count the number of unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals after distribution.

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이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Crystal Field Theory

Crystal Field Theory (CFT) explains how the arrangement of ligands around a central metal ion affects its electronic structure and energy levels. It describes the splitting of d-orbitals in transition metal complexes due to the electrostatic interactions between the metal ion and surrounding ligands. This theory is crucial for predicting the magnetic properties and color of the complexes.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
01:18
The study of ligand-metal interactions helped to form Ligand Field Theory which combines CFT with MO Theory.

d-Orbital Splitting

In an octahedral field, the five d-orbitals split into two energy levels: the lower-energy t2g (dxy, dyz, dzx) and the higher-energy eg (dx2-y2, dz2) orbitals. The extent of this splitting depends on the nature of the ligands and their field strength. Understanding this splitting is essential for determining the electron configuration and the number of unpaired electrons in a complex.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
02:06
d Orbital Orientations

Unpaired Electrons and Magnetism

Unpaired electrons in an atom or ion contribute to its magnetic properties. A species with unpaired electrons exhibits paramagnetism, while those with all paired electrons are diamagnetic. In the context of transition metal complexes, the number of unpaired electrons can be predicted from the electron configuration after considering d-orbital splitting, which is vital for understanding the complex's behavior in a magnetic field.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
00:59
Magnetic Quantum Example
관련 실천
교과서 질문

What is the name of the compound [Fe(H2O)5(SCN)]Cl2? 

(a) pentaaquathiocyanatoiron(III) chloride 

(b) pentaaquachlorothiocyanato iron(III) 

(c) pentaaquathiocyanatoiron(III) dichloride

(d) pentaaquathiocyanatoiron(II) chloride

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교과서 질문

Assign a systematic name to each of the following ions.  

(a) [AuCl4]-

(b) [Fe(CN)6]4-

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교과서 질문

Tell how many diastereoisomers are possible for each of the following complexes, and draw their structures. 

(a) Pt(NH3)3Cl (square planar) 

(b) [FeBr2Cl2(en)]-

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교과서 질문

Nickel(II) complexes with the formula NiX2L2, where X− is Cl− or N-bonded NCS− and L is the monodentate triphenylphosphine ligand P(C6H5)3, can be square planar or tetrahedral.

(a) Draw crystal field energy-level diagrams for a square planar and a tetrahedral nickel(II) complex, and show the population of the orbitals.

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교과서 질문

Cobalt(III) trifluoroacetylacetonate, Co(tfac)3, is a sixc oordinate, octahedral metal chelate in which three planar, bidentate tfac ligands are attached to a central Co atom:

(a) Draw all possible diastereoisomers and enantiomers of Co(tfac)3.

105
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교과서 질문

Which of the following complexes are diamagnetic?

(a) [Ni(H2O)6]2+

(b) [Co(CN)6]3-

(c) [HgI4]2- (tetrahedral) 

(d) [Cu(NH3)4]2+ (square planar) 

122
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