Describe the molecular geometry of:
(b) AsH₃

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Determine the number of valence electrons for AsH_3. Arsenic (As) has 5 valence electrons, and each hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron.

Count the total number of valence electrons: 5 from As and 3 from H, giving a total of 8 valence electrons.

Draw the Lewis structure for AsH_3. Place As in the center and arrange the three H atoms around it, using single bonds to connect them.

Identify the electron pair geometry. AsH_3 has 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair, which corresponds to a tetrahedral electron pair geometry.

Determine the molecular geometry. With 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair, the molecular geometry of AsH_3 is trigonal pyramidal.

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주요 개념

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VSEPR Theory

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory is a model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom. According to this theory, electron pairs will arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion, leading to specific molecular shapes.

Trigonal Pyramidal Geometry

Trigonal pyramidal geometry occurs when a central atom is bonded to three other atoms and has one lone pair of electrons. This arrangement results in a pyramid-like shape with the central atom at the apex and the three bonded atoms at the base, which is characteristic of molecules like AsH3.

Hybridization

Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate bonding. In the case of AsH3, the arsenic atom undergoes sp3 hybridization, which involves the mixing of one s orbital and three p orbitals, resulting in four equivalent sp3 hybrid orbitals that facilitate the formation of bonds with hydrogen atoms.

Describe the molecular geometry of:(b) AsH3