Identify the group 5A element that best fits each of the following descriptions: (a) Forms oxides with the group 5A element in the +1, +2 and +4 oxidation states, (b) Is a metal, (c) Is the most abundant group 5A element in the Earth’s crust.

Group 5A elements, also known as Group 15 in the periodic table, include nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. These elements have five valence electrons, which influence their chemical behavior and oxidation states. Understanding their properties and common oxidation states is crucial for identifying which element fits specific descriptions.

Oxidation states refer to the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound, indicating how many electrons an atom has gained, lost, or shared. For Group 5A elements, common oxidation states include -3, +1, +3, and +5. Recognizing the oxidation states helps in predicting the types of compounds formed and their reactivity.

The distinction between metals and non-metals is essential in chemistry, as it affects physical and chemical properties. Metals, typically found on the left side of the periodic table, are good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile. In contrast, non-metals are usually brittle and poor conductors. Identifying whether a Group 5A element is a metal or non-metal is key to answering the question.