How many milliliters of 2.00 M HCl must be added to neutralize the following solutions? (b) A mixture of 0.120 M NaOH (350.0 mL) and 0.190 M HBr (150.0 mL)

검증된 단계별 안내

Calculate the moles of NaOH in the solution using the formula: \( \text{moles} = \text{concentration} \times \text{volume} \).

Calculate the moles of HBr in the solution using the same formula: \( \text{moles} = \text{concentration} \times \text{volume} \).

Determine the net moles of base (NaOH) that need to be neutralized by subtracting the moles of HBr from the moles of NaOH.

Use the stoichiometry of the neutralization reaction: \( \text{HCl} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \) to find the moles of HCl needed, which is equal to the net moles of NaOH.

Calculate the volume of 2.00 M HCl required using the formula: \( \text{volume} = \frac{\text{moles}}{\text{concentration}} \).

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In this case, hydrochloric acid (HCl) will react with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrobromic acid (HBr) to neutralize their effects. The stoichiometry of the reaction is crucial for determining the amounts of reactants needed for complete neutralization.

Molarity (Concentration)

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. In this problem, the concentrations of NaOH and HBr are given in molarity, which will be used to calculate the number of moles present in the solutions. Understanding molarity is essential for determining how much HCl is required to achieve neutralization.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced equations. For the neutralization of NaOH and HBr with HCl, the stoichiometric coefficients will help determine the exact amount of HCl needed. This concept is fundamental for solving the problem accurately, as it allows for the conversion between moles and volumes.