What is the mass of chloride ions in 375.0 mL of solution with a magnesium chloride concentration of 0.250 M? (LO 4.2) (a) 3.32 g (b) 47.3 g (c) 23.6 g d) 6.65 g

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Determine the moles of magnesium chloride (MgCl_2) in the solution using the formula: moles = concentration (M) \(\times\) volume (L).

Convert the volume from mL to L by dividing by 1000.

Calculate the moles of MgCl_2 using the concentration (0.250 M) and the converted volume in liters.

Use the stoichiometry of the dissociation reaction of MgCl_2 to find the moles of chloride ions (Cl^-). Note that each mole of MgCl_2 produces 2 moles of Cl^-.

Calculate the mass of chloride ions using the formula: mass = moles \(\times\) molar mass of Cl^-. The molar mass of Cl^- is approximately 35.45 g/mol.

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주요 개념

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Molarity

Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is crucial for calculating the amount of a substance in a given volume of solution. In this question, the concentration of magnesium chloride (0.250 M) indicates how many moles of magnesium chloride are present in one liter of solution, which will help determine the mass of chloride ions.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced equations. Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) dissociates into one magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) and two chloride ions (Cl⁻) in solution. Understanding this stoichiometric relationship is essential for determining the number of moles of chloride ions produced from the given moles of magnesium chloride.

Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). For chloride ions, the molar mass is approximately 35.45 g/mol. This concept is necessary to convert the number of moles of chloride ions calculated from stoichiometry into grams, allowing for the final answer to the question regarding the mass of chloride ions in the solution.