Acid spills are often neutralized with sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate. For neutralization of acetic acid, the unbalanced equations are
(1) CH₃CO₂H(l) + Na₂CO₃(s) → CH₃CO₂Na(aq) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)
(2) CH₃CO₂H(l) + NaHCO₃(s) → CH₃CO₂Na(aq) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)
(b) How many kilograms of each substance is needed to neutralize a 1.000-gallon spill of pure acetic acid (density = 1.049 g/mL)?

검증된 단계별 안내

Convert the volume of acetic acid from gallons to milliliters using the conversion factor: 1 gallon = 3,785.41 mL.

Calculate the mass of acetic acid using its volume in milliliters and its density (1.049 g/mL).

Determine the molar mass of acetic acid (CH_3CO_2H) by adding the atomic masses of its constituent atoms.

Use the mass of acetic acid to find the number of moles by dividing the mass by the molar mass of acetic acid.

For each reaction, use stoichiometry to calculate the mass of sodium carbonate (Na_2CO_3) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO_3) needed, based on the moles of acetic acid and the balanced chemical equations.

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주요 개념

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Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In this context, acetic acid (a weak acid) reacts with sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate (bases) to form sodium acetate, carbon dioxide, and water. Understanding this reaction is crucial for determining the stoichiometry involved in neutralizing the acid spill.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced equations. It allows us to determine the exact amounts of substances needed for a reaction. In this case, stoichiometry will help calculate how many kilograms of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate are required to neutralize a specific volume of acetic acid.

Density and Volume Conversion

Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance, and it is essential for converting between volume and mass. Given the density of acetic acid, we can convert the volume of the spill (1.000 gallon) into grams, which is necessary for calculating the amount of base needed for neutralization. This conversion is a key step in solving the problem.