Consider the reaction: 2H2S(g) ⇌ 2H2(g) + S2(g). Kp = 2.4 * 10^-4 at 1073K. A reaction mixture contains 0.112 atm of H2, 0.055 atm of S2, and 0.445 atm of H2S. Is the reaction mixture at equilibrium? If not, in what direction will the reaction proceed?

Name: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
Author: Tro
ISBN: 9780134112831

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Calculate the reaction quotient, Qp, using the expression for the equilibrium constant Kp: \( Q_p = \frac{(P_{H_2})^2 \cdot (P_{S_2})}{(P_{H_2S})^2} \).

Substitute the given partial pressures into the expression: \( Q_p = \frac{(0.112)^2 \cdot (0.055)}{(0.445)^2} \).

Compare the calculated Qp with the given Kp (2.4 \(\times\) 10^{-4}).

If \( Q_p = K_p \), the system is at equilibrium. If \( Q_p < K_p \), the reaction will proceed in the forward direction to reach equilibrium. If \( Q_p > K_p \), the reaction will proceed in the reverse direction to reach equilibrium.

Determine the direction of the reaction based on the comparison of Qp and Kp.

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Equilibrium Constant (Kp)

The equilibrium constant (Kp) is a numerical value that expresses the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium for a given reaction at a specific temperature. For the reaction 2H2S(g) ⇌ 2H2(g) + S2(g), Kp is calculated using the partial pressures of the gases involved. A Kp value less than 1 indicates that at equilibrium, the reactants are favored over the products.

Reaction Quotient (Qp)

The reaction quotient (Qp) is calculated using the same formula as Kp but uses the current concentrations or partial pressures of the reactants and products in the system. By comparing Qp to Kp, one can determine whether the reaction is at equilibrium (Qp = Kp), or if it will shift towards the products (Qp < Kp) or reactants (Qp > Kp) to reach equilibrium.

Le Chatelier's Principle

Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the system will adjust itself to counteract the change and restore a new equilibrium. This principle helps predict the direction in which a reaction will shift when the concentrations of reactants or products are altered, or when temperature or pressure changes occur.