Identify each substance as an acid or a base and write a chemical equation showing how it is an acid or a base according to the Arrhenius definition. a. HNO₃(aq) b. NH₄⁺(aq) d. HC₂H₃O₂(aq)

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the substance: HNO_3 is nitric acid.

Recall the Arrhenius definition: An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H^+ ions in aqueous solution.

Write the dissociation equation for HNO_3 in water: HNO_3(aq) \(\rightarrow\) H^+(aq) + NO_3^-(aq).

Recognize that HNO_3 releases H^+ ions in solution, confirming it as an Arrhenius acid.

Conclude that HNO_3 is an acid according to the Arrhenius definition.

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주요 개념

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Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases

The Arrhenius definition states that acids are substances that increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution, while bases increase the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻). This definition is foundational in understanding acid-base chemistry and provides a straightforward way to classify substances based on their behavior in water.

Chemical Equations

A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas to show the reactants and products involved. In the context of acids and bases, these equations illustrate how an acid donates protons (H⁺) or how a base produces hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution, which is essential for demonstrating their properties according to the Arrhenius definition.

Ionization of Acids

Ionization refers to the process by which an acid dissociates in water to produce H⁺ ions. For example, nitric acid (HNO3) ionizes in aqueous solution to release H⁺ and nitrate ions (NO3⁻). Understanding this process is crucial for identifying substances as acids and writing the corresponding chemical equations that reflect their behavior in solution.

Identify each substance as an acid or a base and write a chemical equation showing how it is an acid or a base according to the Arrhenius definition. a. HNO3(aq) b. NH4+(aq) d. HC2H3O2(aq)