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Ch.18 - Free Energy and Thermodynamics
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition
Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Tro 4th EditionCh.18 - Free Energy and Thermodynamics문제 53b
18장, 문제 53b

Rank each set of substances in order of increasing standard molar entropy (S°). Explain your reasoning. b. H2O(s); H2O(l); H2O(g)

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Start by understanding the concept of standard molar entropy (S°), which is a measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a system.
Recognize that the state of matter affects entropy: gases have higher entropy than liquids, and liquids have higher entropy than solids.
Identify the substances given: H2O(s) is solid water (ice), H2O(l) is liquid water, and H2O(g) is gaseous water (steam).
Rank the substances based on their states: H2O(s) has the lowest entropy, followed by H2O(l), and H2O(g) has the highest entropy.
Conclude that the order of increasing standard molar entropy is: H2O(s) < H2O(l) < H2O(g).

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Standard Molar Entropy

Standard molar entropy (S°) is a measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a system at standard conditions (1 bar, 25°C). It quantifies the energy dispersal in a substance, with higher values indicating greater disorder. Entropy increases with temperature and the number of microstates available to a substance.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
03:33
Standard Molar Entropy

Phase Changes and Entropy

The phase of a substance significantly affects its entropy. Generally, gases have higher entropy than liquids, which in turn have higher entropy than solids due to the increased freedom of movement and arrangement of particles. As a substance transitions from solid to liquid to gas, its entropy increases due to the greater molecular motion and disorder.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
01:46
Entropy in Phase Changes

Comparative Entropy of Water Phases

In the case of water, the standard molar entropies of its phases can be ranked based on their molecular arrangements. Ice (H2O(s)) has the lowest entropy due to its ordered crystalline structure, followed by liquid water (H2O(l)), which has more disorder, and finally water vapor (H2O(g)), which has the highest entropy due to the greatest molecular freedom and disorder in the gaseous state.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
01:46
Entropy in Phase Changes
관련 실천
교과서 질문

For each pair of substances, choose the one that you expect to have the higher standard molar entropy (S°) at 25 °C. Explain your choices. a. CO(g); CO2(g) b. CH3OH(l); CH3OH(g) c. Ar(g); CO2(g) d. CH4(g); SiH4(g) e. NO2(g); CH3CH2CH3(g) f. NaBr(s); NaBr(aq)

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교과서 질문

Rank each set of substances in order of increasing standard molar entropy (S°). Explain your reasoning. a. I2(g); F2(g); Br2(g); Cl2(g) b. H2O(g); H2O2(g); H2S(g) c. C(s, graphite); C(s, diamond); C(s, amorphous)

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교과서 질문

Rank each set of substances in order of increasing standard molar entropy (S°). Explain your reasoning. a. NH3(g); Ne(g); SO2(g); CH3CH2OH(g); He(g) c. CH4(g); CF4(g); CCl4(g)

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교과서 질문

For each pair of substances, choose the one that you expect to have the higher standard molar entropy (S°) at 25 °C. Explain your choices. a. NaNO3(s); NaNO3(aq) b. CH4(g); CH3CH3(g) c. Br2(l); Br2(g) d. Br2(g); F2(g) e. PCl3(g); PCl5(g) f. CH3CH2CH2CH3(g); SO2(g)

교과서 질문

Use data from Appendix IIB to calculate ΔS°rxn for each of the reactions. In each case, try to rationalize the sign of ΔS°rxn . b. C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g)

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