Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements

Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition

Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경

Tro 4th Edition

Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements

문제 44

2장, 문제 44

Imagine a unit of charge called the zorg. A chemist performs the oil drop experiment and measures the charge of each drop in zorgs. Based on the results shown here, what is the charge of the electron in zorgs (z)? How many electrons are in each drop?
Drop # Charge
A –4.8×10^–9 z
B –9.6×10^–9 z
C –6.4×10^–9 z
D –12.8×10^–9 z

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the smallest charge magnitude among the given drops, as this represents the charge of one electron in zorgs. In this case, observe the charges of each drop: A = -4.8 \(\times\) 10^{-9} z, B = -9.6 \(\times\) 10^{-9} z, C = -6.4 \(\times\) 10^{-9} z, D = -12.8 \(\times\) 10^{-9} z.

Determine that the smallest charge magnitude is -4.8 \(\times\) 10^{-9} z (from Drop A), which suggests that this is the charge of one electron in zorgs.

Confirm that the charge of each drop is a multiple of the smallest charge magnitude. For example, Drop B's charge is exactly twice that of Drop A, Drop C's charge is 1.33 times that of Drop A, and Drop D's charge is 2.67 times that of Drop A.

Calculate the number of electrons in each drop by dividing the charge of each drop by the charge of one electron. For instance, for Drop B, divide -9.6 \(\times\) 10^{-9} z by -4.8 \(\times\) 10^{-9} z.

Conclude that the charge of an electron in zorgs is -4.8 \(\times\) 10^{-9} z and use the ratios calculated in the previous step to determine the number of electrons in each drop.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Charge of the Electron

The charge of the electron is a fundamental physical constant, approximately -1.6 x 10^-19 coulombs. In this scenario, the charge is expressed in a fictional unit called 'zorgs.' Understanding the relationship between the charge of the electron and the measurements in zorgs is crucial for determining the electron's charge in this context.

Oil Drop Experiment

The oil drop experiment, conducted by Robert Millikan, was designed to measure the charge of the electron. By balancing the gravitational force on tiny oil droplets with an electric field, Millikan was able to determine the charge of individual electrons. This experiment is foundational in understanding quantized charge and the nature of electrons.

Quantization of Charge

Charge is quantized, meaning it exists in discrete amounts rather than a continuous range. In the context of the oil drop experiment, the charges measured for each drop are multiples of the elementary charge (the charge of a single electron). This concept is essential for calculating the number of electrons in each oil drop based on the total charge measured.

관련 실천

교과서 질문

How many electrons are necessary to produce a charge of -1.0 C? What is the mass of this many electrons?

On a dry day, your body can accumulate static charge from walking across a carpet or from brushing your hair. If your body develops a charge of -15 µC (microcoulombs), what is their collective mass?

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교과서 질문

Which statements are inconsistent with Rutherford's nuclear theory as it was originally stated? Why? a. Since electrons are smaller than protons, and since a hydrogen atom contains only one proton and one electron, it must follow that the volume of a hydrogen atom is mostly due to the proton. b. A nitrogen atom has 7 protons in its nucleus and 7 electrons outside of its nucleus. c. A phosphorus atom has 15 protons in its nucleus and 150 electrons outside of its nucleus. d. The majority of the mass of a fluorine atom is due to its 9 electrons.

On a dry day, your body can accumulate static charge from walking across a carpet or from brushing your hair. If your body develops a charge of -15 µC (microcoulombs), how many excess electrons has it acquired?

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교과서 질문

Which statements are consistent with Rutherford's nuclear theory as it was originally stated? Why? a. The volume of an atom is mostly empty space. b. The nucleus of an atom is small compared to the size of the atom. c. Neutral lithium atoms contain more neutrons than protons. d. Neutral lithium atoms contain more protons than electrons.

883

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교과서 질문

A chemist in an imaginary universe, where electrons have a different charge than they do in our universe, performs the Millikan oil drop experiment to measure the electron's charge. The charges of several drops are recorded here. What is the charge of the electron in this imaginary universe?

Drop # Charge

A –6.9×10^–19 C

B –9.2×10^–19 C

C –11.5×10^–19 C

D –4.6×10^–19 C

2325

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