Calculate the molarity of each solution. a. 0.38 mol of LiNO₃ in 6.14 L of solution b. 72.8 g C₂H₆O in 2.34 L of solution c. 12.87 mg KI in 112.4 mL of solution

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Identify the formula for molarity: Molarity (M) = \( \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}} \).

For part (a), use the given moles of LiNO_3 and volume of solution to calculate molarity: \( M = \frac{0.38 \text{ mol}}{6.14 \text{ L}} \).

For part (b), first convert the mass of C_2H_6O to moles using its molar mass (46.08 g/mol for ethanol), then calculate molarity: \( \text{moles} = \frac{72.8 \text{ g}}{46.08 \text{ g/mol}} \) and \( M = \frac{\text{moles}}{2.34 \text{ L}} \).

For part (c), convert the mass of KI from mg to g (1 mg = 0.001 g), then to moles using its molar mass (166.00 g/mol for KI), and convert the volume from mL to L (1 mL = 0.001 L), then calculate molarity: \( \text{moles} = \frac{12.87 \text{ mg} \times 0.001 \text{ g/mg}}{166.00 \text{ g/mol}} \) and \( M = \frac{\text{moles}}{0.1124 \text{ L}} \).

Ensure all units are consistent and calculations are correct to find the molarity for each solution.>

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주요 개념

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Molarity

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is expressed in units of moles per liter (mol/L). To calculate molarity, you divide the amount of solute (in moles) by the volume of the solution (in liters). This concept is essential for understanding how concentrated a solution is and is commonly used in chemistry for preparing solutions.

Moles and Molar Mass

A mole is a unit in chemistry that represents 6.022 x 10²³ entities, such as atoms or molecules. The molar mass of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol), is the mass of one mole of that substance. To convert grams to moles, you divide the mass of the substance by its molar mass. This conversion is crucial for calculating molarity when the solute is given in grams.

Volume Conversion

Volume is often measured in liters (L) in chemistry, but it can also be expressed in milliliters (mL). To convert milliliters to liters, you divide the volume in milliliters by 1000. Accurate volume measurement is important for calculating molarity, as the concentration depends on the total volume of the solution. Understanding these conversions ensures that calculations are performed correctly.

Calculate the molarity of each solution. a. 0.38 mol of LiNO3 in 6.14 L of solution b. 72.8 g C2H6O in 2.34 L of solution c. 12.87 mg KI in 112.4 mL of solution