Ch.6 - Thermochemistry

Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition

Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경

Tro 4th Edition

Ch.6 - Thermochemistry

문제 37

6장, 문제 37

Which statement is true of the internal energy of a system and its surroundings during an energy exchange with a negative ΔE_sys? a. The internal energy of the system increases and the internal energy of the surroundings decreases. b. The internal energy of both the system and the surroundings increases. c. The internal energy of both the system and the surroundings decreases. d. The internal energy of the system decreases and the internal energy of the surroundings increases.

검증된 단계별 안내

Understand that \( \Delta E_{sys} \) represents the change in internal energy of the system.

A negative \( \Delta E_{sys} \) indicates that the system is losing energy.

According to the law of conservation of energy, energy lost by the system is gained by the surroundings.

Therefore, if the system's internal energy decreases, the surroundings' internal energy must increase.

Identify the statement that matches this description: 'The internal energy of the system decreases and the internal energy of the surroundings increases.'

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.

영상 길이:

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Internal Energy

Internal energy is the total energy contained within a system, encompassing kinetic and potential energies of the particles. It is a state function, meaning it depends only on the current state of the system, not on how it reached that state. Changes in internal energy (ΔE) occur due to heat transfer or work done on or by the system.

First Law of Thermodynamics

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. In the context of a system and its surroundings, this law implies that any change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system on its surroundings (ΔEsys = q - w).

Negative ΔEsys

A negative change in internal energy (ΔEsys < 0) indicates that the system has lost energy, typically through heat transfer to the surroundings or work done by the system. This means that the internal energy of the system decreases while the surroundings gain energy, leading to an increase in their internal energy. Understanding this concept is crucial for analyzing energy exchanges in thermodynamic processes.

관련 실천

Identify each energy exchange as primarily heat or work and determine whether the sign of ΔE is positive or negative for the system. a. Sweat evaporates from skin, cooling the skin. (The evaporating sweat is the system.) b. A balloon expands against an external pressure. (The contents of the balloon is the system.) c. An aqueous chemical reaction mixture is warmed with an external flame. (The reaction mixture is the system.) Identify energy exchanges as primarily heat or work. Determine whether the sign of E is positive or negative for the system.

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교과서 질문

A particular frost-free refrigerator uses about 745 kWh of electrical energy per year. Express this amount of energy in each unit. c. Cal

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