Read each measurement to the correct number of significant figures. Laboratory glassware should always be read from the bottom of the meniscus. Digital balances normally display mass to the correct number of significant figures for that particular balance.

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Step 1: Identify the meniscus level in the graduated cylinder. The meniscus is the curved surface of the liquid.

Step 2: Read the measurement at the bottom of the meniscus. In this case, the bottom of the meniscus is between 18 mL and 19 mL.

Step 3: Determine the smallest increment on the graduated cylinder. The smallest increment is 0.1 mL.

Step 4: Estimate the value to the nearest 0.1 mL. The meniscus appears to be slightly above the 18.5 mL mark.

Step 5: Record the measurement with the correct number of significant figures. Since the smallest increment is 0.1 mL, the measurement should be recorded to the nearest 0.01 mL.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Significant Figures

Significant figures are the digits in a measurement that carry meaningful information about its precision. This includes all non-zero digits, any zeros between significant digits, and trailing zeros in the decimal portion. Understanding significant figures is crucial for accurately reporting measurements and ensuring that calculations reflect the precision of the data.

Meniscus Reading

The meniscus is the curve at the surface of a liquid in a container, such as a graduated cylinder. When measuring liquid volume, it is important to read the measurement at the bottom of the meniscus to ensure accuracy. This practice accounts for the surface tension of the liquid and provides a consistent method for obtaining precise volume readings.

Calibration of Laboratory Equipment

Laboratory equipment, such as graduated cylinders and digital balances, must be calibrated to ensure accurate measurements. Calibration involves adjusting the equipment to align with known standards, which helps in obtaining reliable data. Understanding how to properly use and read calibrated instruments is essential for conducting experiments and reporting results accurately.