Ch.15 - Chemical Kinetics

Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 5th Edition

Tro5th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134874371당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경

Tro 5th Edition

Ch.15 - Chemical Kinetics

문제 40a

15장, 문제 40a

A reaction in which A, B, and C react to form products is zero order in A, one-half order in B, and second order in C. a. Write a rate law for the reaction.

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the general form of the rate law: \( \text{Rate} = k[A]^m[B]^n[C]^p \).

Determine the order of reaction with respect to each reactant: \( m = 0 \) for A, \( n = \frac{1}{2} \) for B, and \( p = 2 \) for C.

Substitute the orders into the rate law expression: \( \text{Rate} = k[A]^0[B]^{1/2}[C]^2 \).

Simplify the expression by noting that any concentration raised to the power of zero is 1: \( \text{Rate} = k[B]^{1/2}[C]^2 \).

The final rate law for the reaction is \( \text{Rate} = k[B]^{1/2}[C]^2 \).

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Order of Reaction

The order of a reaction refers to the power to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in the rate law. It indicates how the rate of reaction is affected by the concentration of that reactant. For example, a zero-order reaction means the rate is independent of the concentration of that reactant, while a first-order reaction means the rate is directly proportional to its concentration.

Rate Law

The rate law is an equation that relates the rate of a chemical reaction to the concentrations of the reactants, each raised to a power corresponding to its order in the reaction. It is typically expressed in the form: Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n[C]^p, where k is the rate constant, and m, n, and p are the orders of the reactants A, B, and C, respectively. Understanding the rate law is crucial for predicting how changes in concentration affect the reaction rate.

Rate Constant (k)

The rate constant, denoted as k, is a proportionality factor in the rate law that is specific to a given reaction at a specific temperature. It reflects the intrinsic speed of the reaction and is influenced by factors such as temperature and the presence of catalysts. The value of k can vary with the order of the reaction and is essential for calculating the rate of the reaction under different conditions.

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교과서 질문

A reaction in which A, B, and C react to form products is zero order in A, one-half order in B, and second order in C. c. By what factor does the reaction rate change if [A] is doubled (and the other reactant concentrations are held constant)? d. By what factor does the reaction rate change if [B] is doubled? e. By what factor does the reaction rate change if [C] is doubled? f. By what factor does the reaction rate change if [C] is doubled (and the other reactant concentrations are held constant)?

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교과서 질문

A reaction in which A, B, and C react to form products is first order in A, second order in B, and zero order in C c. By what factor does the reaction rate change if [A] is doubled (and the other reactant concentrations are held constant)? d. By what factor does the reaction rate change if [B] is doubled (and the other reactant concentrations are held constant)? e. By what factor does the reaction rate change if [C] is doubled? f. By what factor does the reaction rate change if the concentrations of all three reactants are doubled?

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교과서 질문

A reaction in which A, B, and C react to form products is first order in A, second order in B, and zero order in C. b. What is the overall order of the reaction?

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교과서 질문

Consider the tabulated data showing the initial rate of a reaction (A → products) at several different concentrations of A. What is the order of the reaction? Write a rate law for the reaction including the value of the rate constant, k.

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교과서 질문

This reaction is first order in N₂O₅: N₂O₅(g) → NO₃(g) + NO₂(g) The rate constant for the reaction at a certain temperature is 0.053/s. b. What would the rate of the reaction be at the concentration indicated in part a if the reaction were second order? Zero order? (Assume the same numerical value for the rate constant with the appropriate units.)

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