In analytical chemistry, bases used for titrations must often be standardized; that is, their concentration must be precisely determined. Standardization of sodium hydroxide solutions can be accomplished by titrating potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHC₈H₄O₄), also known as KHP, with the NaOH solution to be standardized. b. The titration of 0.5527 g of KHP required 25.87 mL of an NaOH solution to reach the equivalence point. What is the concentration of the NaOH solution?

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Identify the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: \( \text{KHP} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{KNaP} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \).

Calculate the moles of KHP used in the titration. Use the formula: \( \text{moles of KHP} = \frac{\text{mass of KHP}}{\text{molar mass of KHP}} \).

Since the reaction between KHP and NaOH is a 1:1 molar ratio, the moles of NaOH will be equal to the moles of KHP.

Determine the concentration of the NaOH solution using the formula: \( \text{Concentration of NaOH} = \frac{\text{moles of NaOH}}{\text{volume of NaOH in liters}} \).

Convert the volume of NaOH from mL to L by dividing by 1000, and use this in the concentration formula.

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주요 개념

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Titration

Titration is a quantitative analytical technique used to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution. It involves the gradual addition of a titrant (a solution of known concentration) to a sample until a reaction reaches its equivalence point, where the amount of titrant equals the amount of substance in the sample. This method is commonly used in acid-base reactions to find the concentration of an unknown solution.

Equivalence Point

The equivalence point in a titration is the stage at which the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of substance present in the sample. At this point, the reaction between the titrant and the analyte is complete, and it is often indicated by a color change in the solution due to an indicator. Understanding the equivalence point is crucial for accurately calculating the concentration of the unknown solution.

Molarity

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is expressed in units of moles per liter (mol/L). In the context of titration, calculating the molarity of the titrant (in this case, NaOH) is essential for determining how much of the titrant is needed to completely react with a known amount of the analyte (KHP), allowing for the standardization of the solution.