Classify each hydrocarbon as an alkane, alkene, or alkyne. a. H₂C=CH−CH₃ b. H₃C−CH₂−CH₃ c. HC≡C−CH₃ d. H₃C−CH₂−CH₂−CH₃

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Understand the definitions of each hydrocarbon type: an alkane contains only single bonds (C−C), an alkene contains at least one double bond (C=C), and an alkyne contains at least one triple bond (C≡C).

Step 2: Examine the structure of compound (a) H₂C=CH−CH₃. Identify the presence of a double bond (C=C) between the first two carbon atoms, which classifies it as an alkene.

Step 3: Look at compound (b) H₃C−CH₂−CH₃. Notice that all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds (C−C), so this compound is an alkane.

Step 4: Analyze compound (c) HC≡C−CH₃. The triple bond (C≡C) between the first two carbons indicates this is an alkyne.

Step 5: For compound (d) H₃C−CH₂−CH₂−CH₃, observe that all bonds between carbons are single bonds, so this is an alkane.

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Hydrocarbon Classification

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are classified based on the types of bonds between carbon atoms: alkanes have only single bonds, alkenes contain at least one double bond, and alkynes have at least one triple bond. Recognizing these bonds is key to classification.

Alkanes

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbon atoms. Their general formula is CnH2n+2. They are typically less reactive and are named with the suffix '-ane'. Examples include methane (CH4) and propane (C3H8).

Alkenes and Alkynes

Alkenes contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds and have the general formula CnH2n, while alkynes contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds with the formula CnH2n-2. These unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive and are named with suffixes '-ene' for alkenes and '-yne' for alkynes.

Classify each hydrocarbon as an alkane, alkene, or alkyne. a. H2C=CH−CH3 b. H3C−CH2−CH3 c. HC≡C−CH3 d. H3C−CH2−CH2−CH3