Determine the number of each type of atom in each formula. a. Ca(NO₂)₂ d. Mg(HCO₃)₂

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Identify the elements present in the compound: Calcium (Ca), Nitrogen (N), and Oxygen (O).

Recognize that the subscript outside the parentheses applies to all elements inside the parentheses. Here, (NO2)2 means there are 2 NO2 groups.

Calculate the number of Calcium (Ca) atoms: There is no subscript next to Ca, so there is 1 Ca atom.

Calculate the number of Nitrogen (N) atoms: Each NO2 group contains 1 N atom, and there are 2 NO2 groups, so there are 2 N atoms.

Calculate the number of Oxygen (O) atoms: Each NO2 group contains 2 O atoms, and there are 2 NO2 groups, so there are 4 O atoms.

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Chemical Formula Interpretation

A chemical formula represents the types and numbers of atoms in a compound. In the formula Ca(NO2)2, 'Ca' stands for calcium, while 'NO2' indicates a nitrite group. The subscript '2' outside the parentheses means that there are two nitrite groups in the compound, which affects the total count of nitrogen and oxygen atoms.

Counting Atoms in Compounds

To determine the number of each type of atom in a compound, one must account for both the elements present and their respective subscripts. For example, in Ca(NO2)2, there is one calcium atom, two nitrogen atoms (from 2 x NO2), and four oxygen atoms (from 2 x 2 in NO2). This systematic counting is essential for understanding the composition of the compound.

Parentheses in Chemical Formulas

Parentheses in chemical formulas indicate that the enclosed group of atoms is a distinct unit that can be multiplied by a subscript. In Ca(NO2)2, the parentheses around NO2 signify that the entire nitrite group is repeated twice, which is crucial for accurately calculating the total number of each atom in the compound.

Determine the number of each type of atom in each formula. a. Ca(NO2)2 d. Mg(HCO3)2