Write the structural formulas of three different compounds that each have the molecular formula C₅H₁₂.

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Identify that C5H12 represents an alkane, which is a hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Recognize that the different structural formulas represent isomers, which are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Start by drawing the straight-chain isomer, which is n-pentane. This isomer has all five carbon atoms connected in a single, unbranched chain.

Next, draw an isomer with a branching chain. One example is isopentane (also known as 2-methylbutane), which has a four-carbon chain with a methyl group (CH3) attached to the second carbon.

Finally, draw another branched isomer, neopentane (also known as 2,2-dimethylpropane), which has a three-carbon chain with two methyl groups attached to the central carbon.

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주요 개념

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Isomerism

Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where compounds with the same molecular formula exhibit different structural arrangements. In the case of C5H12, there are multiple structural isomers, meaning that the atoms can be connected in various ways, leading to distinct compounds with different properties.

Structural Formula

A structural formula represents the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, showing how the atoms are bonded to each other. It provides insight into the connectivity and spatial orientation of the atoms, which is crucial for understanding the chemical behavior and reactivity of the compound.

Alkanes

Alkanes are a class of hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms and follow the general formula CnH2n+2. The molecular formula C5H12 indicates that the compounds in question are alkanes, specifically pentanes, which can exist in different structural forms such as straight-chain and branched isomers.

Write the structural formulas of three different compounds that each have the molecular formula C5H12.