During meiosis, in which phase does crossing over between homologous chromosomes occur?
A
Prophase II
B
Metaphase I
C
Anaphase I
D
Prophase I (specifically pachytene)
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1
Recall the stages of meiosis, which include Meiosis I and Meiosis II, each with their own phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
Understand that crossing over is the process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity.
Identify that crossing over occurs during Prophase I of Meiosis I, specifically in the substage called pachytene, when homologous chromosomes are tightly paired.
Note that Prophase II, Metaphase I, and Anaphase I do not involve crossing over; Prophase II occurs in Meiosis II and does not include homologous chromosome pairing.
Therefore, the phase where crossing over happens is Prophase I, pachytene stage, which is critical for recombination before chromosomes separate.