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Allelic Frequency Changes definitions

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  • Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
    A theoretical state where allele frequencies remain constant due to absence of evolutionary forces in a population.
  • Natural Selection
    A process where certain genetic variants increase in frequency because they enhance survival or reproduction.
  • Directional Selection
    A selection type where allele frequencies shift toward one extreme, often leading to fixation or loss.
  • Balancing Selection
    A selection type maintaining multiple beneficial alleles at stable frequencies within a population.
  • Mutation
    A source of new genetic variants, arising spontaneously and altering existing alleles or creating new ones.
  • Gene Flow
    The movement of alleles between populations, increasing genetic variation through migration.
  • Genetic Drift
    Random changes in allele frequencies, especially impactful in small populations, potentially causing fixation or loss.
  • Founder Effect
    A reduction in genetic diversity when a new population is established by a small number of individuals.
  • Bottleneck Effect
    A sharp decrease in population size leading to loss of genetic variation due to random survival.
  • Non-random Mating
    Mating patterns influenced by phenotype or proximity, altering allele frequencies from expected random distributions.
  • Assortative Mating
    A mating pattern where individuals choose partners with similar or dissimilar phenotypes, affecting genetic structure.
  • Inbreeding
    Mating between relatives, increasing homozygosity and risk of recessive genetic disorders.
  • Inbreeding Coefficient
    A measure indicating the probability that two alleles in an individual are identical by descent.
  • Reproductive Isolation
    Barriers preventing gene flow between populations, leading to the formation of distinct species.
  • Speciation
    The evolutionary process where genetic divergence leads to the emergence of new species.