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Dihybrid Cross definitions

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  • Dihybrid Cross
    A genetic analysis examining two traits simultaneously, each represented by different letters, often using heterozygous alleles.
  • Trait
    A specific characteristic, such as color or shape, determined by genetic information and represented by a unique letter.
  • Allele
    A variant form of a gene, denoted by uppercase or lowercase letters, influencing the expression of a trait.
  • Heterozygous
    A genotype containing two different alleles for a trait, such as one dominant and one recessive letter.
  • Punnett Square
    A grid-based tool used to visualize all possible allele combinations from parental gametes for predicting offspring outcomes.
  • Branch Diagram
    A stepwise method that treats each trait independently, using monohybrid crosses and the product law to calculate combined probabilities.
  • Gamete
    A reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm, carrying one allele for each trait, formed by random assortment.
  • Phenotype
    The observable expression of traits, such as yellow or round, resulting from specific allele combinations.
  • Genotype
    The genetic makeup of an organism for specific traits, represented by combinations of letters like YyRr.
  • Dominant
    An allele that masks the effect of another, typically represented by an uppercase letter and expressed in the phenotype.
  • Recessive
    An allele whose effect is hidden when paired with a dominant allele, shown by a lowercase letter.
  • Independent Assortment
    A Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits segregate into gametes independently of one another.
  • Product Law
    A probability rule stating that the likelihood of two independent events both occurring is the product of their individual probabilities.
  • Phenotypic Ratio
    A numerical expression, such as 9:3:3:1, showing the relative frequencies of observable trait combinations in offspring.
  • F1 Generation
    The first generation of offspring resulting from a cross between two parental organisms, often heterozygous for both traits.