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Mitosis definitions

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  • Mitosis
    A process producing two genetically identical cells, essential for growth and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.
  • Interphase
    A preparatory stage with cell growth and DNA replication, occurring before visible cell division begins.
  • Prophase
    A stage where chromatin condenses, centrosomes move apart, and the nuclear envelope starts to break down.
  • Metaphase
    A phase where chromosomes align at the cell's equator, attached to spindle fibers via kinetochores.
  • Anaphase
    A stage marked by the separation of sister chromatids, which are pulled toward opposite cell poles.
  • Telophase
    A phase where separated chromosomes reach cell poles and nuclear envelopes begin to reform around them.
  • Cytokinesis
    A process dividing the cytoplasm, resulting in two distinct daughter cells after mitosis.
  • Chromatin
    A complex of DNA and proteins that condenses to form visible chromosomes during cell division.
  • Chromosome
    A condensed structure of DNA and protein, visible during cell division, carrying genetic information.
  • Sister Chromatid
    One of two identical DNA copies formed during replication, joined together before being separated in mitosis.
  • Centrosome
    A cellular structure organizing microtubules and spindle fibers, crucial for chromosome movement.
  • Spindle Fiber
    A microtubule structure extending from centrosomes, responsible for moving chromosomes during division.
  • Kinetochore
    A protein complex at the chromosome centromere, serving as the attachment site for spindle fibers.
  • Cell Cycle Checkpoint
    A regulatory control point ensuring proper cell size, DNA replication, and spindle attachment before division proceeds.
  • Cyclin-dependent Kinase
    An enzyme regulated by cyclins, adding phosphates to proteins to control cell cycle progression.