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Riboswitches definitions

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  • Riboswitch
    An mRNA sequence in the 5′ untranslated region that regulates gene expression by binding small molecules and altering RNA structure.
  • 5′ Untranslated Region
    A segment of mRNA upstream of the coding sequence, not translated into protein, often involved in regulatory functions.
  • Aptamer Domain
    An RNA segment within a riboswitch that specifically binds small ligands, initiating structural changes in the mRNA.
  • Expression Platform
    A region of a riboswitch that forms secondary structures in response to ligand binding, modulating gene expression.
  • Terminator Structure
    A secondary RNA structure that forms upon ligand binding, causing premature termination of transcription or translation.
  • Ligand
    A small molecule that binds to the aptamer domain, triggering conformational changes in the riboswitch.
  • Secondary Structure
    A folded RNA configuration, such as hairpins, formed within the expression platform to regulate gene activity.
  • Transcription Termination
    A process where RNA synthesis is halted due to the formation of a terminator structure in the mRNA.
  • Translation Blockage
    An event where ribosome access to the mRNA is prevented by structural changes, inhibiting protein synthesis.
  • Ribosome Binding Site
    A sequence on mRNA where the ribosome attaches to initiate translation, which can be obstructed by riboswitches.
  • Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
    Control of gene expression in organisms lacking a nucleus, often involving mechanisms like riboswitches.
  • RNA Nucleotide
    A molecular building block of RNA, represented by letters such as A, U, G, and C, or by codes indicating possible variants.
  • Splicing
    A process that can be influenced by riboswitches, involving the removal of non-coding sequences from RNA.