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Transfer RNA definitions

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  • Transfer RNA
    An adaptor molecule with a cloverleaf structure that links codons to their corresponding amino acids during translation.
  • tRNA
    A type of RNA that carries specific amino acids and matches them to codons in mRNA using its anticodon region.
  • Codon
    A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid during protein synthesis.
  • Amino Acid
    A building block of proteins, attached to tRNA for incorporation into a growing polypeptide chain.
  • Anticodon
    A three-nucleotide RNA sequence on tRNA that pairs complementarily with a codon in mRNA.
  • Amino Acid Attachment Site
    A region on tRNA where a specific amino acid is covalently linked before translation.
  • Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase
    An enzyme that attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA, ensuring translation accuracy.
  • Charged tRNA
    A tRNA molecule with an amino acid covalently attached, ready for participation in protein synthesis.
  • Translation
    The cellular process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using mRNA as a template and tRNA as adaptors.
  • Cloverleaf Structure
    A secondary structure of tRNA characterized by three hairpin loops, facilitating its adaptor function.
  • RNA Sequence
    A linear arrangement of ribonucleotides in tRNA, including regions like the anticodon.
  • Polypeptide Chain
    A linear sequence of amino acids formed during translation, ultimately folding into a functional protein.
  • mRNA
    A messenger RNA molecule that provides the codon sequence read by tRNA during translation.