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Hydration Reaction definitions

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  • Hydration Reaction
    Acid-catalyzed process where water adds across an alkene's double bond, converting it into an alcohol.
  • Alkene
    Hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond, serving as the starting material in hydration.
  • Alcohol
    Organic compound formed when water adds to an alkene, characterized by an -OH group.
  • Sulfuric Acid
    Strong acid used as a catalyst to initiate and speed up the hydration of alkenes.
  • Catalyst
    Substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed, such as sulfuric acid here.
  • Pi Bond
    Type of bond present in alkenes, broken during hydration to allow addition of water components.
  • Symmetrical Alkene
    Alkene where both double-bonded carbons have identical groups, allowing water to add to either carbon.
  • Asymmetric Alkene
    Alkene with double-bonded carbons having different numbers of hydrogens, leading to regioselective addition.
  • Markovnikov's Rule
    Guideline stating that in asymmetric alkenes, hydrogen adds to the carbon with more hydrogens.
  • Major Product
    Predominant compound formed in hydration, resulting from Markovnikov's rule being followed.
  • Minor Product
    Compound formed in much smaller amounts, resulting from the opposite of Markovnikov's rule.
  • Double Bond
    Bond between two carbons in alkenes, broken during hydration to allow addition of H and OH.
  • Regioselectivity
    Preference for one direction of chemical bond making or breaking over all possible directions in a reaction.
  • Hydrogen Atom
    Component from water that attaches to the alkene carbon with more hydrogens during hydration.
  • Hydroxyl Group
    OH group from water that attaches to the alkene carbon with fewer hydrogens, forming an alcohol.