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Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry
McMurry - Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서McMurry 8th EditionCh.11 Nuclear Chemistry문제 87
11장, 문제 87

Californium-246 is formed by bombardment of uranium-238 atoms. If four neutrons are formed as by-products, what particle is used for the bombardment?

검증된 단계별 안내
1
Step 1: Write the nuclear equation for the reaction. The general form of a nuclear reaction is: \( \text{Target Nucleus} + \text{Bombarding Particle} \rightarrow \text{Product Nucleus} + \text{By-products} \). In this case, the target nucleus is uranium-238 (\( ^{238}_{92}U \)), the product nucleus is californium-246 (\( ^{246}_{98}Cf \)), and four neutrons (\( 4 \; ^{1}_{0}n \)) are by-products.
Step 2: Use the law of conservation of mass number. The sum of the mass numbers (top numbers) on the left side of the equation must equal the sum of the mass numbers on the right side. For uranium-238 and the unknown particle, the total mass number on the left is \( 238 + x \), where \( x \) is the mass number of the unknown particle. On the right, the total mass number is \( 246 + 4 \times 1 \). Set these equal: \( 238 + x = 246 + 4 \).
Step 3: Use the law of conservation of atomic number. The sum of the atomic numbers (bottom numbers) on the left side of the equation must equal the sum of the atomic numbers on the right side. For uranium-238 and the unknown particle, the total atomic number on the left is \( 92 + y \), where \( y \) is the atomic number of the unknown particle. On the right, the total atomic number is \( 98 + 4 \times 0 \). Set these equal: \( 92 + y = 98 \).
Step 4: Solve the equations from Steps 2 and 3. From the mass number equation, solve for \( x \), the mass number of the unknown particle. From the atomic number equation, solve for \( y \), the atomic number of the unknown particle.
Step 5: Identify the unknown particle. Using the values of \( x \) and \( y \) obtained in Step 4, determine the identity of the particle by matching it to a known particle (e.g., proton, neutron, alpha particle, etc.).

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Nuclear Bombardment

Nuclear bombardment refers to the process of bombarding a target nucleus with particles, such as neutrons, protons, or alpha particles, to induce a nuclear reaction. In this context, the bombardment of uranium-238 is essential for producing Californium-246, as it involves the interaction of the uranium nucleus with incoming particles.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
02:29
Intro to Radioactivity

Neutron Capture

Neutron capture is a specific type of nuclear reaction where a nucleus absorbs a neutron, leading to the formation of a heavier isotope. In the case of uranium-238, the absorption of neutrons during bombardment can lead to the creation of heavier elements, such as Californium-246, while also resulting in the release of additional neutrons as by-products.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
01:26
Electron Capture

Californium-246

Californium-246 is a synthetic isotope of californium, produced through nuclear reactions involving uranium. It is significant in nuclear chemistry and has applications in neutron detection and as a neutron source. Understanding its formation helps in grasping the broader implications of nuclear reactions and the transmutation of elements.
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