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Identify each of the following as an acid or a base:
d. HI
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Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium
Timberlake14th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249
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- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives19
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy53
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements58
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions38
- Ch.8 Gases30
- Ch.9 Solutions50
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium64
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons77
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones82
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides91
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis86
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production73
Timberlake14th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
10장, 문제 79a
Sometimes, during stress or trauma, a person can start to hyperventilate. Then the person might breathe into a paper bag to avoid fainting.
a. What changes occur in the blood pH during hyperventilation?
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검증된 단계별 안내1
Hyperventilation causes a person to breathe rapidly and deeply, which leads to excessive exhalation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the lungs.
The decrease in CO₂ levels in the blood reduces the concentration of carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), as CO₂ reacts with water in the blood to form carbonic acid: CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃.
With less carbonic acid present, the equilibrium shifts, leading to a decrease in hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration in the blood: H₂CO₃ ⇌ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻.
A decrease in hydrogen ion concentration causes the blood pH to increase, making the blood more alkaline (a condition known as respiratory alkalosis).
In summary, during hyperventilation, the blood pH increases (becomes more basic) due to the excessive loss of CO₂ and the resulting decrease in hydrogen ion concentration.
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Hyperventilation
Hyperventilation is a condition characterized by rapid or deep breathing that exceeds the body's need for oxygen. This leads to an excessive expulsion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream, which can result in a decrease in the concentration of CO2 in the blood, causing respiratory alkalosis.
Blood pH and Acid-Base Balance
Blood pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the blood, typically maintained within a narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45. During hyperventilation, the reduction in CO2 levels leads to a rise in blood pH, making the blood more alkaline. This shift can disrupt the body's acid-base balance and may lead to symptoms such as dizziness or fainting.
Rebreathing Techniques
Rebreathing techniques, such as breathing into a paper bag, are used to counteract the effects of hyperventilation. This method helps to increase the levels of CO2 in the blood by allowing the person to inhale the CO2 they exhale, which can help restore normal blood pH levels and alleviate symptoms associated with hyperventilation.
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Sometimes, during stress or trauma, a person can start to hyperventilate. Then the person might breathe into a paper bag to avoid fainting.
b. How does breathing into a paper bag help return blood pH to normal?
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