Helper T cells respond to antigens from _____ and cytotoxic T cells respond to antigens from _____.

Alright, everyone. Here we have our next practice problem. Helper t cells respond to antigens from blank while cytotoxic t cells respond to antigens from blank. Okay. So helper and cytotoxic t cells are the 2 types of effector t cells, but they do both respond to antigens just those antigens are presented in different ways. So answer choice a says, helper t cells respond to antigens from macrophages and cytotoxic t cells respond to antigens from b cells. So both macrophages and B cells are commonly called professional APCs, antigen presenting cells, because they go around and they collect antigens and show them to the rest of the immune system and ask, is this dangerous? But remember that professional APCs are going to display only to helper t cells, not to cytotoxic t cells. Cytotoxic t cells go around to all the other types of cells, almost every type of cell, and they're going to look for internal infections like viruses and things like that. But macrophages and b cells are specifically going to go to helper t cells. So this answer is not true because b cells don't always present to cytotoxic t cells. Hopefully, that makes sense. Okay. Answer choice b says, helper t cells respond to antigens from class 2 major histocompatibility complexes, while cytotoxic t cells respond to antigens from class 1. This is entirely true. This is a great answer. Remember that t cells only respond to antigens that are presented to them and they have to be presented on specific protein complexes. Helper t cells only respond to antigens presented on class 2 major histocompatibility complexes commonly found on professional APCs like dendritic cells, macrophages, and b cells. Then cytotoxic t cells only respond to antigens presented on class 1 MHCs, and these are found on all the types of cells. So this is probably our answer, but let's rule out the other 2. Answer choice c says helper t cells respond to antigens from viruses, and cytotoxic t cells respond to antigens from bacteria. Both helper t cells and cytotoxic t cells can respond to antigens from any type of pathogen really. So this is not always specific and if anything it's probably reversed. Cytotoxic t cells, I believe respond more to Viral Pathogens because they are intracellular. And that's what cytotoxic t cells are really good at. So this one is not true. Answer choice d says, helper t cells respond to antigens on class 1 MHCs and cytotoxic t cells respond to antigens on class class 2 image MHCs. This is switched. So this one is not true. The correct answer here is answer choice b. Helper T cells are class 2 MHCs and cytotoxic T cells respond to class 1 MHCs. It's really important to remember this everyone. So you're gonna have to memorize this. I apologize, but this is one of the things you do need to commit to memory. Alright, everyone. Let's move on to our next video.

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Helper T cells respond to antigens from _____ and cytotoxic T cells respond to antigens from _____.

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Helper T cells respond to antigens from _ and cytotoxic T cells respond to antigens from _.