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Mole Concept definitions

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  • Mole
    Amount of substance containing as many units as atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12, serving as a bridge between mass and particles.
  • Atom
    Single element with no charge, representing the basic unit of a chemical element.
  • Ion
    Single element carrying a positive or negative charge due to loss or gain of electrons.
  • Molecule
    Compound formed by two or more nonmetals bonded together, which can be identical or different.
  • Formula Unit
    Smallest ratio of ions in a compound composed of a metal and a nonmetal.
  • Avogadro's Number
    Constant value of 6.022 × 10²³, representing the number of particles in one mole of substance.
  • Particle
    General term for atoms, ions, molecules, or formula units, used when counting entities in chemistry.
  • Diatomic Element
    Element naturally existing as molecules made of two identical nonmetal atoms, such as chlorine (Cl₂).
  • Molar Mass
    Mass in grams of one mole of a substance, numerically equal to the sum of atomic masses in a formula.
  • Molecular Weight
    Alternative term for molar mass, indicating the mass of one mole of molecules in grams.
  • Conversion Factor
    Ratio used to convert between units, such as moles to grams or moles to particles, allowing unit cancellation.
  • Carbon-12 Isotope
    Reference isotope containing 6 protons and 6 neutrons, used to define the mole.
  • Nonmetal
    Element that typically forms molecules by bonding with other nonmetals, often found on the right side of the periodic table.
  • Metal
    Element that forms compounds with nonmetals, usually found on the left side of the periodic table.