A researcher grows E. coli in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope ³²P. Which of the following E. coli molecules is most likely to incorporate ³²P after a 48-hour incubation?

The bacterial culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was grown for 48 hours in a medium containing methionine labeled with carbon-11. Which of the following molecules is most likely to incorporate this radiolabeled methionine? 

If a population of mammalian cells is cultured in a medium supplemented with radioactive nitrogen-15 (¹⁵N), which of the following cellular structures is least likely to incorporate this radioisotope?

Isotopes of Carbon include which of the following: