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Introduction to Innate Immunity quiz #1

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
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  • What is an example of a virulence factor that helps pathogens evade the immune system?
    A capsule is a virulence factor that helps pathogens evade the immune system by preventing phagocytosis.
  • What components are involved in non-specific (innate) immunity?
    Physical barriers, chemical barriers, and cells such as phagocytes are involved in non-specific (innate) immunity.
  • Which of these is an example of an innate immune defense?
    Inflammation is an example of an innate immune defense.
  • What acts as a mechanical barrier to pathogen entry into the body?
    The skin acts as a mechanical barrier to pathogen entry.
  • What is another term for an immune reaction?
    An immune response is another term for an immune reaction.
  • How does the innate immune system stimulate the adaptive immune system?
    The innate immune system stimulates the adaptive immune system through inflammation and the release of signaling molecules.
  • What intrinsic factor serves as protection from invasion of microorganisms?
    The microbiome serves as an intrinsic factor protecting against invasion by microorganisms.
  • What are defenses of the urinary tract to prevent microbial infection?
    Physical barriers and flushing action of urine are defenses of the urinary tract.
  • What is an outcome of complement activation?
    Complement activation can lead to phagocytosis and inflammation.
  • Which external structure of microbes directly impacts the effectiveness of the host immune system?
    The capsule of microbes directly impacts the effectiveness of the host immune system.
  • What are produced by the immune system to destroy, kill, or inactivate pathogens?
    Antimicrobial proteins and immune cells are produced to destroy, kill, or inactivate pathogens.
  • The first line of defense of innate immunity includes ______.
    Physical barriers, chemical barriers, and the microbiome.
  • Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called ________.
    Opsonization.
  • The complement system ______ the inflammatory response.
    Promotes the inflammatory response.
  • Foreign substances in the body that provoke an immune response are called:
    Antigens.
  • Antimicrobial proteins are part of the ______ immune system.
    Innate immune system.
  • The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the
    Phagocytes.
  • What term refers to any molecule that elicits an immune response?
    Antigen.
  • The symptoms of an immune complex reaction are due to
    Inflammation caused by immune complexes.
  • Opsonization resulting from the complement cascade is ______.
    The enhanced phagocytosis of pathogens.
  • Immunocompetence refers to ________.
    The ability of the immune system to recognize and respond to pathogens.
  • The components of the second line of defense against microbes may be characterized as
    Cells and proteins that identify and eliminate microbes.
  • Interferons, complement, lysozyme, and lactoferrin are all examples of
    Antimicrobial proteins of the innate immune system.
  • What characteristic is associated with innate immunity?
    Rapid response and non-specific defense.
  • Fever is initiated by chemicals called__________.
    Pyrogens.
  • Specifically, interferons are ______.
    Proteins that help defend against viral infections.
  • Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory. Which branch of immunity are they part of?
    Adaptive immunity.
  • What is an overview of the immune response?
    The immune response involves recognition of pathogens, activation of defenses, and elimination of invaders.
  • The body’s ability to destroy infectious agents that enter the body is called:
    Immunity.
  • The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves
    Formation of pores in pathogen membranes leading to cell lysis.
  • Immunity acquired by contact with a disease organism is described as:
    Active immunity.