뒤로Microbiology: Infectious Disease and Epidemiology
05:59
이 집합의 용어 (25)
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.
Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
Amensalism is a relationship where one organism is harmed while the other is unaffected.
Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of the other.
Resident microbiomes are microorganisms that normally live on or in the human body permanently.
Transient microbiomes are microorganisms that temporarily colonize the human body but do not persist.
Opportunistic pathogens are microbes that cause disease only when the host's defenses are compromised.
The three reservoirs are animal (zoonoses), human, and nonliving reservoirs.
Contamination is the presence of microbes on a body surface or inanimate object.
Infection occurs when microbes enter, multiply, and establish themselves in the body.
Portals of entry include skin, mucous membranes, placenta, and parenteral route.
Adhesion factors like attachment proteins and biofilms help microbes attach to host cells, facilitating infection.
Symptoms are subjective effects felt by the patient; signs are objective, measurable indicators observed by others.
A syndrome is a specific group of signs and symptoms that characterize a disease.
An asymptomatic or subclinical infection shows no noticeable symptoms despite the presence of pathogens.
Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish the causative relationship between a microbe and a disease.
Virulence factors include adhesion factors, biofilms, extracellular enzymes, toxins, and antiphagocytic factors.
Stages include incubation period, prodromal period, illness, decline, and convalescence.
Modes include contact transmission, vehicle transmission (airborne, waterborne, foodborne, bodily fluids), and vector transmission (biological and mechanical).
An endemic disease is constantly present in a population at a steady rate.
An epidemic is a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above the expected level in a population.
A pandemic is an epidemic that spreads over multiple countries or continents affecting a large number of people.
Incidence is the number of new cases in a population over a time period; prevalence is the total number of cases at a given time.
Types include descriptive, analytical, and experimental studies.
Hospital epidemiology studies infections acquired in healthcare settings, including exogenous, endogenous, iatrogenic, and superinfections.