How is a ribonucleotide different from a deoxyribonucleotide?

Codons are ___________ nucleotides long and are in ___________, which is transcribed from DNA. During ___________, tRNAs serve as adapter molecules to bring ___________ to the ribosome to build a protein. Once the ribosome reaches a(n) ___________ on the mRNA, translation ends.

Label the following as a biological, chemical, or physical mutagen:

UV radiation:

Transposons:

Cigarette smoke:

Viruses:

X-rays:

Plasmids:

Alcohol:

For the lactose operon to be “on” and actively transcribed, ___________ must be present and ___________ must be absent.

What would the likely consequence be if a gene’s promoter was deleted or severely mutated?

Assume you have the DNA sequence 3'-ACGTATCCAGCAGCTCCACCAA-5'.

Use the genetic code table found in the chapter to answer the following questions:

a. What would the complementary DNA sequence be?

b. What would the corresponding mRNA sequence be?

c. Could the mRNA sequence you generated be translated? Why or why not?

Why are the terms gene expression and protein synthesis often used interchangeably?