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Ch. 22 - Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System
Tortora - Microbiology: An Introduction 14th Edition
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Tortora 14th EditionCh. 22 - Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System문제 5
18장, 문제 5

Endotoxin is responsible for symptoms caused by which of the following organisms?
a. N. meningitidis
b. S. pyogenes
c. L. monocytogenes
d. C. tetani
e. C. botulinum

검증된 단계별 안내
1
Understand what an endotoxin is: Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They are released when the bacteria die and cause symptoms such as fever, inflammation, and shock.
Identify which organisms in the list are Gram-negative: Among the options, Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) is a Gram-negative bacterium, while the others are Gram-positive.
Recall that Gram-positive bacteria do not have an outer membrane and therefore do not produce endotoxins; instead, they may produce exotoxins.
Match the organism that produces endotoxin with the symptoms caused by endotoxin: Since N. meningitidis is Gram-negative, it produces endotoxin responsible for symptoms like meningitis and septic shock.
Conclude that the correct organism responsible for symptoms caused by endotoxin is N. meningitidis.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Endotoxins

Endotoxins are toxic components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, primarily lipopolysaccharides (LPS). They are released when the bacteria die or multiply, triggering strong immune responses such as fever, inflammation, and septic shock.
추천 영상:
02:46
Endotoxin

Gram-negative vs. Gram-positive Bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing endotoxins, while Gram-positive bacteria lack this outer membrane and instead produce exotoxins. This distinction is crucial for understanding which organisms cause symptoms via endotoxins.
추천 영상:
04:46
Gram-Positive vs. Gram-Negative Cell Walls

Pathogenic Organisms Listed

Among the listed organisms, Neisseria meningitidis is Gram-negative and produces endotoxins. The others (S. pyogenes, L. monocytogenes, C. tetani, C. botulinum) are Gram-positive and cause disease mainly through exotoxins, not endotoxins.
추천 영상:
03:40
Introduction to Pathogenic Toxins
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After receiving a corneal transplant, a patient developed dementia and loss of motor function, then became comatose and died. Cultures were negative. Serological tests were negative. Autopsy revealed spongiform degeneration of brain tissue. The patient most likely had

a. Rabies.

b. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

c. Botulism.

d. Tetanus.

e. Leprosy.

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Provide the following information on poliomyelitis: etiology, method of transmission, symptoms, prevention. Why aren’t the Salk and Sabin vaccines considered treatments for poliomyelitis?

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The increased incidence of encephalitis in the summer months is due to

a. Maturation of the viruses.

b. Increased temperature.

c. The presence of adult mosquitoes.

d. An increased population of birds.

e. An increased population of horses.

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a. antirabies antibodies

b. HDCV

Produces longest lasting protection.

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Fill in the following table:

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