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Major Mineral: Sodium and Potassium definitions

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  • Sodium
    Major extracellular electrolyte crucial for fluid balance, nerve signaling, and muscle function; commonly found in table salt and processed foods.
  • Potassium
    Major intracellular electrolyte essential for heart rhythm, nerve impulses, and muscle contractions; abundant in fruits and vegetables.
  • Electrolyte
    Charged mineral particle in body fluids that regulates fluid balance and electrical activity in cells.
  • Extracellular Fluid
    Fluid outside cells, including blood and interstitial fluid, where sodium concentration is highest.
  • Intracellular Fluid
    Fluid within cells, characterized by high potassium concentration and low sodium levels.
  • Osmosis
    Movement of water across cell membranes driven by electrolyte concentration differences, especially sodium.
  • Hyponatremia
    Condition of abnormally low sodium in blood, often resulting from overhydration and leading to dangerous water imbalance.
  • Hypernatremia
    Condition of excess sodium in blood, increasing risk for hypertension and tissue swelling.
  • Hypertension
    Chronic high blood pressure, often linked to excess sodium intake and a major risk factor for heart disease.
  • Edema
    Swelling of tissues due to fluid accumulation, commonly associated with sodium imbalance.
  • Hypokalemia
    Deficiency of potassium in blood, potentially causing muscle weakness and fatigue, often due to vomiting or diarrhea.
  • Hyperkalemia
    Excess potassium in blood, usually from supplements, which can result in irregular heartbeat.
  • Table Salt
    Common dietary source of sodium, chemically known as sodium chloride, frequently added to foods.
  • Processed Foods
    Foods with added sodium for flavor and preservation, major contributors to dietary sodium intake.
  • Salt Substitute
    Product replacing some sodium with potassium, used to lower sodium intake but can cause excess potassium if overused.