For the molecule ethene (), what is the expected hybridization of each carbon atom?
A
One carbon is and the other is hybridized.
B
Each carbon atom is hybridized.
C
Each carbon atom is hybridized.
D
Each carbon atom is hybridized.
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1
Identify the molecular formula and structure of ethene (C\_2H\_4). Ethene consists of two carbon atoms connected by a double bond, with each carbon also bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
Recall that the hybridization of a carbon atom depends on the number of regions of electron density (sigma bonds and lone pairs) around it. For ethene, each carbon forms three sigma bonds: two with hydrogen atoms and one with the other carbon atom.
Since each carbon in ethene forms three sigma bonds and has no lone pairs, the steric number is 3. This corresponds to an sp\_2 hybridization, where one s orbital mixes with two p orbitals to form three sp\_2 hybrid orbitals.
Understand that the double bond between the two carbons consists of one sigma bond (from sp\_2-sp\_2 overlap) and one pi bond (from unhybridized p orbitals overlapping sideways). This pi bond is characteristic of sp\_2 hybridized carbons in alkenes.
Conclude that both carbon atoms in ethene are sp\_2 hybridized because they each have three sigma bonds and participate in a double bond, which requires one unhybridized p orbital for the pi bond.