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Multiple Choice
Using Zaitsev's rule, which of the following alkenes is expected to be the most stable product in an elimination reaction?
A
B
C
D
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1
Understand Zaitsev's rule: In elimination reactions, the most substituted alkene (the one with the greatest number of alkyl groups attached to the double-bonded carbons) is generally the most stable and is favored as the major product.
Identify the degree of substitution for each alkene by counting the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbons involved in the double bond. For example, a monosubstituted alkene has one alkyl group attached to the double bond carbons, disubstituted has two, trisubstituted has three, and tetrasubstituted has four.
Compare the given alkenes by their substitution level: write out each structure and count the alkyl substituents on the double bond carbons to determine which is the most substituted.
Recall that increased substitution leads to greater alkene stability due to hyperconjugation and alkyl group electron-donating effects, which stabilize the double bond.
Conclude that according to Zaitsev's rule, the alkene with the highest degree of substitution (most alkyl groups on the double bond carbons) will be the most stable and thus the major product of the elimination reaction.