The following reaction occurs at high temperatures. Predict the product expected to form if it proceeds like the Kolbe reaction.

Consider the following pair of compounds:

Compounds A and B are both sparingly soluble water. In dilute potassium hydroxide solution, compound B is very soluble but compound A is still sparingly soluble. Explain their difference in solubility in dilute potassium hydroxide solution.

Bromothymol blue forms a green solution when dissolved in water but turns blue if KOtBu is added to the solution. Explain.

Explain why 4-nitrophenol has a significantly higher melting point compared to 2-nitrophenol.

4-chlorobenzoic acid and 4-methoxyphenol are only very slightly soluble in water. The addition of NaHCO₃ to the water allows 4-chlorobenzoic acid to fully dissolve, but not 4-methoxyphenol. The addition of NaOH causes both 4-chlorobenzoic acid and 4-methoxyphenol to fully dissolve. Give an approximation for the pKₐ of 4-methoxyphenol. [The pKa of H₂CO₃ is 6.4.]