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Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry

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이 집합의 용어 (15)

  • Alcohol

    A functional group with an -OH group attached to a saturated carbon atom. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}OH}\)

  • Aldehyde

    A functional group with a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}CHO}\)

  • Ketone

    A functional group with a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}CO{-}R'}\)

  • Carboxylic Acid

    A functional group with a carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (-OH) on the same carbon. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}COOH}\)

  • Ester

    A functional group with a carbonyl (C=O) adjacent to an oxygen atom bonded to another carbon. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}COO{-}R'}\)

  • Ether

    A functional group with an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}O{-}R'}\)

  • Amine

    A functional group with a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl or aryl groups. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}NH_2}\) (primary amine)

  • Amide

    A functional group with a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to a nitrogen atom. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}CONH_2}\)

  • Alkene

    A hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond. Structure: \(\mathrm{C=C}\)

  • Alkyne

    A hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon triple bond. Structure: \(\mathrm{C\equiv C}\)

  • Halide (Alkyl Halide)

    A functional group where a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) is bonded to an alkyl group. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}X}\)

  • Thiols

    A functional group with a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen and carbon. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}SH}\)

  • Anhydride

    A functional group with two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}CO{-}O{-}CO{-}R'}\)

  • Acyl Halide

    A functional group with a carbonyl bonded to a halogen atom. Structure: \(\mathrm{R{-}COX}\)

  • Phenol

    A hydroxyl group (-OH) directly bonded to a benzene ring. Structure: \(\mathrm{C_6H_5OH}\)